The Occurrences and Formation of Ladderback Ripples on Barchans Dunes of Najaf Dunes Field, Iraq, in Aeolian Environments

This paper concerns the study of ripples that occur on windward Barchan dunes from field Najaf governorate, Iraq. These consist mainly sand sediments with variable sizes, including medium, fine, and very fine sands. Quartz represents major light mineral in Dunes sand. The prevailing wind direction area is NW-SE. ripple crest series every pattern are oriented perpendicular to NW-SE direction, whereas imbricated groups within troughs preexisting created by WSW-ENE trend. tend be formed shortened occupy prolonged series. All crests ladderback at right angles asymmetry ripples. were noticed fine- grained sediments, which quartz. wavelength ranges 2 – 4 cm, while they 0.1 0.2 cm height. occurrence an aeolian environment indicates a variety directions, influenced arrangements